Cardiac glycosides are medicines for treating heart failure and certain irregular heartbeats. They are one of several classes of drugs used to treat the heart and related conditions.
Chemical Test For Cardiac Glycosides
(a) Baljet reaction: When the test solution is treated with picric acid (or sodium picrate) yields a stable orange colour. These reactions are negative with saponin and either negative or much weaker with bufadienolides.
(b) Raymond test: When the test solution is added to a hot methanolic alkali solution, a violet colour develops.
(c) Legal test: When the aqueous or alcoholic extract is treated with pyridine (1 ml) and sodium nitroprusside (1 ml) solution, pink to blood-red colour appears.
(d) Killer-killani test: Take chloroform extract and dry it. Then add glacial acetic acid (0.4 ml) along with traces of ferric chloride. Transfer the content to a small test tube and add concentrated sulphuric acid (0.5 ml) by the sidewall of the test tube. The acetic acid solution slowly turns bluish-green indicates the presence of deoxy sugars.
(e) Xanthydrol test: When the extract is heated with Xanthydrol solution (5 per cent) in glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid (1 per cent), a red colour develops indicates the presence of 2-deoxysugar.
(f) Antimony trichloride test: Add antimony trichloride and trichloroacetic acid into a solution of glycoside and heat the solution, blue or violet colour appears to indicate the presence of cardenolides and bufadienolides.
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